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\"orders\")\r\npublic class Order {\r\n @Id\r\n @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)\r\n private Long id;\r\n\r\n private String product;\r\n\r\n @ManyToOne\r\n @JoinColumn(name = \"user_id\")\r\n private User user;\r\n\r\n // Getters & Setters\r\n}","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"Relationships Explained","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"language":"plaintext"},"content":[{"text":"| Type | Use Case |\r\n| ---------- | ----------------------------- |\r\n| OneToOne | User profile, unique relation |\r\n| OneToMany | User → Orders |\r\n| ManyToMany | Student → Course |\r\n","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Step 4: Repository Layer","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"@Repository\r\npublic interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository {\r\n Optional findByEmail(String email);\r\n}","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"content":[{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Why this is powerful:","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"content":[{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Spring auto-generates queries","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Supports custom query methods based on naming conventions","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"}],"type":"bulletList"},{"content":[{"text":"Example:","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"List findByNameContaining(String name);","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Step 5: CRUD with Service Layer","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"@Service\r\npublic class UserService {\r\n @Autowired\r\n private UserRepository userRepository;\r\n\r\n public User saveUser(User user) {\r\n return userRepository.save(user);\r\n }\r\n\r\n public List getAllUsers() {\r\n return userRepository.findAll();\r\n }\r\n\r\n public Optional getUserById(Long id) {\r\n return userRepository.findById(id);\r\n }\r\n\r\n public void deleteUser(Long id) {\r\n userRepository.deleteById(id);\r\n }\r\n}","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Following ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Service → Repository → Controller","type":"text"},{"text":" keeps your architecture ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"clean and scalable","type":"text"},{"text":".","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"blockquote"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Step 6: Pagination & Sorting","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"@GetMapping\r\npublic Page getUsers(\r\n @RequestParam(defaultValue = \"0\") int page,\r\n @RequestParam(defaultValue = \"10\") int size\r\n) {\r\n Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.by(\"name\").ascending());\r\n return userRepository.findAll(pageable);\r\n}","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"content":[{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Benefits:","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"content":[{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Handles large datasets efficiently","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Professional APIs always implement ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"pagination","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"}],"type":"bulletList"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Step 7: JPQL vs Native Queries","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"JPQL (Object-Oriented Query)","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"@Query(\"SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.name LIKE %:name%\")\r\nList searchByName(@Param(\"name\") String name);","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"Native SQL","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"@Query(value = \"SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE %:name%\", nativeQuery = true)\r\nList searchByNameNative(@Param(\"name\") String name);","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Use ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"JPQL","type":"text"},{"text":" for portability; ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Native SQL","type":"text"},{"text":" for complex or DB-specific queries.","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"blockquote"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Step 8: Performance Tips","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"content":[{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Use ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"fetch = FetchType.LAZY","type":"text"},{"text":" for large relations","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Add indexes for frequently searched columns","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Avoid ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"N+1 queries","type":"text"},{"text":" (use ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"JOIN FETCH","type":"text"},{"text":")","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Enable query caching if needed","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"}],"type":"bulletList"},{"content":[{"text":"Example:","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"attrs":{"language":"java"},"content":[{"text":"@OneToMany(mappedBy = \"user\", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)\r\n@Cacheable\r\nprivate List orders;","type":"text"}],"type":"codeBlock"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Week 4 Recap","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"content":[{"text":"✅ JPA + Hibernate basics","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✅ Entity relationships","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✅ Repository layer","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✅ CRUD services","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✅ Pagination & sorting","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✅ JPQL vs Native queries","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✅ Performance best practices","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"What’s Next? (Week 5)","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"content":[{"text":"👉 ","type":"text"},{"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Spring Boot Security: JWT Authentication Step-by-Step","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"content":[{"text":"We’ll cover:","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"},{"content":[{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Spring Security architecture","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"JWT login flow","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Role-based access","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Password hashing","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"},{"content":[{"content":[{"text":"Protecting REST APIs","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"listItem"}],"type":"bulletList"},{"attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"📌 Action Items","type":"text"}],"type":"heading"},{"content":[{"text":"✔ Create User + Order entities","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✔ Implement OneToMany relationship","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✔ Test CRUD operations in Postman","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"✔ Push code to GitHub","type":"text"}],"type":"paragraph"}],"type":"doc"}}],"author":{"userId":591,"name":"Boot to Cloud","username":"boot.cloud","bio":"devs3 community author","profileImage":"https://res.cloudinary.com/dpoholbpp/image/upload/v1787830390/legacy/22/2230e7fd884f4f23fbe25865ee9fe64295908f1d7fe544a271ff9e94b35aace5.png"},"tags":["sql","database","java","spring-boot","jpa","hibernate","jpql"],"publishedAt":"2026-03-30T12:00:00Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-25T15:31:00.686303Z","coverImage":"https://res.cloudinary.com/dpoholbpp/image/upload/v1787830291/legacy/2b/2ba4efb92401dbf3d42d5292eb1af51c39ce079012c85120d12dc771f3db41ce.png","reactions":1,"comments":0,"views":173,"periodViews":"$undefined","readTime":3,"featured":false,"rawDetails":"$21"}],"source":"api"},"mode":"relevant","title":"Articles","eyebrow":"Explore #jpa","basePath":"/t/jpa","tag":"jpa","showModeTabs":true}]]]}],"$L22"]}],"$L23","$L24"]